Uruhu ni kimwe mu bikoresho bya kera mu mateka y'abantu. Nkibihe byabanjirije amateka, abantu batangiye gukoresha ubwoya bwinyamaswa mugushushanya no kurinda. Nyamara, tekinoroji yambere yo gukora uruhu yari yoroshye cyane, gusa winjiza ubwoya bwinyamaswa mumazi hanyuma ukayitunganya. Hamwe nimpinduka yibihe, tekinoroji yo gukora uruhu rwabantu yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro. Kuva muburyo bwambere bwo gukora bwa mbere kugeza ku nganda zigezweho, ibikoresho byuruhu bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwabantu.
Gukora uruhu rwo hambere
Gukora uruhu rwa mbere rushobora kuva mu bihe bya kera bya Misiri ahagana mu 4000 mbere ya Yesu. Muri kiriya gihe, abantu bashizaga ubwoya bwinyamaswa mumazi hanyuma bakayitunganya namavuta yibimera namazi yumunyu. Ubu buryo bwo gukora ni ubwambere kandi ntibushobora kubyara ibikoresho byiza byuruhu. Byongeye kandi, imirimo myinshi nigihe gikenewe mugikorwa cyo kubyara. Nyamara, kubera ubukana bukomeye nigihe kirekire cyibikoresho byuruhu, byakoreshwaga cyane muri societe ya kera gukora imyenda, inkweto, ibikapu nibindi bintu.
Hamwe nimpinduka zigihe, tekinoroji yo gukora uruhu rwabantu nayo yagiye itera imbere buhoro buhoro. Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1500 mbere ya Yesu, Abagereki ba kera batangiye gukoresha tekinoroji yo gutunganya ubwoya bw'amatungo kugira ngo babone ibikoresho byoroheje kandi biramba. Ihame rya tekinoroji yo gukanika ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byo gutwika kugirango uhuze collagen mu bwoya bwinyamaswa, bikoroshe, birwanya amazi, birwanya ruswa nibindi bintu. Ubu buryo bwo gukora bwakoreshejwe cyane mu burasirazuba bwo hagati no mu Burayi kandi buhinduka uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukora uruhu rwa kera.
Gukora uruhu nyarwo
Uruhu nyarwo ruvuga ibikoresho bisanzwe byuruhu bikozwe mu bwoya bwinyamaswa. Tekinoroji yo gukora uruhu nyarwo iratera imbere kandi iragoye kuruta iy'uruhu rwo hambere. Inzira nyamukuru yo gukora uruhu nyarwo harimo: kwiyambura ubwoya bwinyamaswa, gushiramo, gukaraba, gutwika, gusiga irangi no gutunganya. Muri byo, gutunganya no gusiga irangi ni intambwe zikomeye mu gukora uruhu nyarwo.
Muburyo bwo gutwika, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane byo gutwika birimo ibikoresho byo gutwika imboga, ibikoresho bya chrome hamwe nibikoresho byo gutunganya. Muri byo, ibikoresho byo gutunganya chrome bikoreshwa cyane kubera ibyiza byabo nko kwihuta gutunganya vuba, ubuziranenge buhamye n'ingaruka nziza. Nyamara, amazi y’imyanda n’ibisigazwa by’imyanda biva mu gihe cyo gutunganya chrome bizanduza ibidukikije, bityo bigomba kuvurwa no gucungwa neza.
Mugihe cyo gusiga irangi, uruhu nyarwo rushobora gusiga amabara atandukanye nkuko bikenewe kugirango habeho ingaruka zitandukanye zo gushushanya no kurinda. Mbere yo gusiga irangi, uruhu nyarwo rugomba kuvurwa hejuru kugirango irangi ryinjire neza kandi ritunganyirizwe hejuru yuruhu. Kugeza ubu, ubwoko nubwiza bwamabara burahora butera imbere, bushobora guhuza abantu ibyo bakeneye hamwe nibyifuzo byabo kubikoresho byuruhu.
Gukora uruhu rwa PU na PVC
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yimiti, abantu bavumbuye buhoro buhoro ibikoresho bishya byubukorikori bishobora kwigana isura nimyumvire yimpu nyazo, kandi bifite plastike nziza, idakoresha amazi kandi iramba. Ibi bikoresho byubukorikori birimo uruhu rwa PU (polyurethane) na PVC (polyvinyl chloride) uruhu.
Uruhu rwa PU ni uruhu rwigana rwakozwe mu bikoresho bya polyurethane, rufite ibiranga ubworoherane, kurwanya amazi, kurwanya kwambara no kurwanya amarira. Uburyo bwacyo bwo gukora ni ugupfunyika ibikoresho bya polyurethane kuri fibre cyangwa ibikoresho bidoda, hanyuma ugakora ibikoresho byuruhu nyuma yo kubisaba, kubitekesha, kubisiga irangi nibindi bikorwa. Ugereranije nimpu nyazo, uruhu rwa PU rufite ibyiza byo kugiciro gito no gutunganya byoroshye, kandi rushobora kwigana amabara atandukanye ningaruka zuburyo. Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora imyenda, inkweto, ibikoresho byo mu nzu nibindi bicuruzwa.
Uruhu rwa PVC ni ubwoko bw'uruhu rwigana rukozwe mu bikoresho bya polyvinyl chloride, bifite ibimenyetso biranga amazi, birinda kwambara kandi byoroshye koza. Uburyo bwacyo bwo gukora ni ugutwikira ibintu bya polyvinyl chloride kuri substrate, hanyuma ugakora ibikoresho byuruhu ukoresheje kalendari, gushushanya, gusiga irangi nibindi bikorwa. Ugereranije nimpu ya PU, uruhu rwa PVC rufite ibyiza byo kugiciro gito no gukomera gukomeye, kandi rushobora kwigana amabara nuburyo butandukanye. Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora intebe zimodoka, imizigo, ibikapu nibindi bicuruzwa.
Nubwo uruhu rwa PU na PVC rufite ibyiza byinshi, baracyafite ibibi. Kurugero, uburyo bwabo bwo kubyaza umusaruro buzatanga imyuka myinshi yangiza namazi yanduye, bizanduza ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, ubuzima bwabo ntabwo burebure nkubw'uruhu nyarwo, kandi biroroshye gushira no gusaza. Kubwibyo, abantu bakeneye kwitondera kubungabunga no kubungabunga mugihe bakoresha ibicuruzwa byuruhu.
Gukora uruhu rwa silicone
Usibye uruhu gakondo nuruhu rwubukorikori, hagaragaye ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byuruhu, uruhu rwa silicone, mumyaka yashize. Uruhu rwa Silicone ni uruhu rwubukorikori rukozwe mu bikoresho bya silikoni ndende hamwe na fibre fibre artificiel, ifite ibyiza byo kuremerera uburemere bworoshye, kurwanya imitsi, kurwanya gusaza, kutirinda amazi, kurwanya ububi kandi byoroshye koza, kandi byoroshye uruhu kandi bikumva neza.
Uruhu rwa Silicone rufite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha kandi rushobora gukoreshwa mu gukora imodoka imbere, ibikapu, amakarita ya terefone igendanwa nibindi bicuruzwa. Ugereranije n’uruhu rwa PU na PVC, uruhu rwa silicone rufite imbaraga zo kurwanya hydrolysis, kurwanya UV, kurwanya umunyu no kurwanya ubushyuhe buke kandi buke, kandi ntibyoroshye gusaza no gushira. Byongeye kandi, nta myuka yangiza n’amazi y’amazi atangwa mugihe cyo gukora uruhu rwa silicone, kandi umwanda ku bidukikije nawo ni muke.
Umwanzuro
Nibikoresho bya kera kandi bigezweho, uruhu rwanyuze mubikorwa birebire byiterambere. Kuva ubwambere bwo gutunganya ubwoya bwamatungo kugeza uruhu rwukuri rugezweho, PU, uruhu rwa PVC nimpu ya silicone, ubwoko nubwiza bwuruhu rwagiye rutezimbere, kandi uburyo bwo kubukoresha bwagiye bwiyongera. Yaba uruhu rwukuri cyangwa uruhu rwubukorikori, rufite ibyiza byihariye nibibi, kandi abantu bakeneye guhitamo bakurikije ibikenewe hamwe na ssenariyo zitandukanye mugihe babikoresha.
Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryibikoresho nibikoresho bya shimi byasimbuye uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora uruhu, uruhu nyarwo ruracyari ibikoresho byagaciro, kandi ibyiyumvo byihariye hamwe nimiterere yabyo nibyo bihitamo bwa mbere kubicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Muri icyo gihe, abantu bamenye buhoro buhoro akamaro ko kurengera ibidukikije batangira kugerageza gukoresha ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije kandi birambye kugirango basimbuze uruhu gakondo. Uruhu rwa Silicone ni kimwe mu bikoresho bishya. Ntabwo ifite imikorere myiza gusa, ahubwo ifite umwanda muke kubidukikije. Birashobora kuvugwa ko ari ibintu bitanga icyizere.
Muri make, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya siyanse nikoranabuhanga hamwe nabantu bashishikajwe no kurengera ibidukikije, uruhu, ibikoresho bya kera kandi bigezweho, nabyo bihora bitera imbere kandi bitera imbere. Yaba uruhu nyarwo, PU, uruhu rwa PVC, cyangwa uruhu rwa silicone, ni uguhindura ubwenge bwabantu nakazi gakomeye. Nizera ko mu majyambere azaza, ibikoresho by'uruhu bizakomeza guhanga udushya no guhinduka, bizana ubwiza n'ubworoherane mubuzima bwa muntu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-15-2024