PU ni impfunyapfunyo ya polyurethane mucyongereza, naho izina ryimiti mu gishinwa ni "polyurethane". Uruhu rwa PU ni uruhu rukozwe muri polyurethane. Ikoreshwa cyane mugushushanya imifuka, imyenda, inkweto, ibinyabiziga nibikoresho. Byarushijeho kumenyekana nisoko. Ubwinshi bwibikorwa, ubwinshi nubwoko ntibishobora guhazwa nimpu gakondo. Ubwiza bwuruhu rwa PU nabwo buratandukanye, kandi uruhu rwiza rwa PU ni rwiza kuruta uruhu nyarwo.
Mubushinwa, abantu bamenyereye kwita uruhu rwubukorikori rwakozwe na PU resin nkibikoresho fatizo bya PU uruhu rwibihimbano (uruhu rwa PU rugufi); uruhu rwubukorikori rwakozwe hamwe na PU resin hamwe nigitambara kidoda nkibikoresho fatizo byitwa uruhu rwa PU synthique (uruhu rwubukorikori rugufi). Biramenyerewe guhuriza hamwe ubwoko butatu bwuruhu hejuru nkuruhu rwubukorikori.
Uruhu rukora uruhu nimpu ngengabihe nigice cyingenzi cyinganda za plastiki kandi zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye byubukungu bwigihugu. Umusaruro wimpu zubukorikori nimpu zubukorikori bifite amateka yimyaka irenga 60 yiterambere kwisi. Ubushinwa bwatangiye guteza imbere no gukora uruhu rw’ubukorikori mu 1958. Ni inganda zateye imbere mu nganda za plastiki mu Bushinwa. Iterambere ry’inganda z’uruhu n’ubukorikori bw’Ubushinwa ntabwo ari izamuka ry’imirongo itanga ibikoresho by’inganda zikora inganda, umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa wiyongera uko umwaka utashye, kandi ubwoko n’amabara byiyongera uko umwaka utashye, ariko kandi inzira y’iterambere ry’inganda ifite ishyirahamwe ryayo ry’inganda , ifite ubumwe bwinshi, kuburyo uruhu rwubukorikori rwubushinwa rushobora kuba, amasosiyete yimpu yubukorikori, harimo ninganda zijyanye nayo, yishyize hamwe kandi atera imbere mubikorwa bifite imbaraga zitari nke.
Ukurikije uruhu rwa PVC rwakozwe, uruhu rwa PU rwubatswe rwageze ku ntera yiterambere mu ikoranabuhanga nk'isimburwa ryiza ry’uruhu karemano nyuma yimyaka irenga 30 yubushakashatsi butangaje niterambere ryakozwe ninzobere mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.
PU itwikiriye hejuru yimyenda yagaragaye bwa mbere ku isoko muri 1950. Mu 1964, Isosiyete y'Abanyamerika DuPont yateguye uruhu rwa PU rukora uruhu rwo kuzamura inkweto. Nyuma yuko uruganda rwabayapani rumaze gushyiraho umurongo utanga umusaruro wa metero kare 600.000, nyuma yimyaka irenga 20 yubushakashatsi niterambere, PU ikora uruhu rwa syntetique rwakuze vuba mubijyanye nubwiza bwibicuruzwa, ubwoko, nibisohoka. Imikorere yacyo iragenda yegereza uruhu rusanzwe, ndetse nibintu bimwe birenze uruhu rusanzwe, bigera aho bigoye gutandukanya uruhu nyarwo nimpimbano. Ifite umwanya wingenzi mubuzima bwa buri munsi bwabantu.
Muri iki gihe, Ubuyapani nabwo butanga uruhu runini rukora uruhu. Ibicuruzwa bya Kuraray, Teijin, Toray, Zhongbo n’andi masosiyete ahanini byerekana urwego mpuzamahanga rwiterambere mu myaka ya za 90. Fibre yayo ninganda idoda idoda iratera imbere mubyerekezo bya ultra-nziza, ubwinshi bwingaruka ningaruka zidasanzwe; uruganda rwarwo rwa PU rurimo gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza PU no gusohora amazi ya PU, kandi imirima ikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa ihora yaguka, guhera ku nkweto n’imifuka Umurima wateye imbere mu zindi nzego zidasanzwe zikoreshwa nk'imyambaro, imipira, imitako, n'ibindi, ikubiyemo ibintu byose bigize ubuzima bwa buri munsi.
Uruhu rwubukorikori nirwo rwambere rusimbuza imyenda yimpu yahimbwe. Ikozwe muri PVC wongeyeho plasitike nibindi byongeweho, kalendari kandi ikomatanya kumyenda. Ibyiza bihendutse, amabara akungahaye nuburyo butandukanye. Ingaruka ni uko bikomera byoroshye kandi Ugacika intege. Uruhu rwa PU rukoreshwa mu gusimbuza uruhu rwa PVC, kandi igiciro cyarwo kirenze uruhu rwa PVC. Kubijyanye nimiterere yimiti, yegereye imyenda yimpu. Ntabwo ikoresha plastike kugirango igere kubintu byoroshye, ntabwo rero bizakomera cyangwa bivunika. Ifite kandi ibyiza byamabara meza nuburyo butandukanye, kandi bihendutse kuruta imyenda yimpu. Rero ryakiriwe neza nabaguzi.
Hariho na PU ifite uruhu. Mubisanzwe, uruhande rwinyuma nigice cya kabiri cyinka, kandi igice cya resin ya PU gitwikiriwe hejuru, bityo nanone cyitwa firime yinka. Igiciro cyacyo kirahendutse kandi igipimo cyacyo ni kinini. Hamwe nimihindagurikire yikoranabuhanga, yakozwe kandi mubyiciro bitandukanye, nkibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu cyiciro cya kabiri. Bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga ryihariye, ubuziranenge buhamye, hamwe n'ubwoko bushya, ni uruhu rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kandi igiciro cyarwo n'urwego rwabyo ntabwo biri munsi y'uruhu rwa mbere. PU imifuka yimpu nudukapu twukuri twuruhu bifite ibiranga. PU ibikapu by'uruhu bifite isura nziza, biroroshye kubyitaho, kandi birahendutse, ariko ntibishobora kwihanganira kwambara kandi byoroshye kumeneka. Imifuka y'uruhu nyayo ihenze kandi iteye ikibazo kuyitaho, ariko iraramba.
Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gutandukanya imyenda yimpu nimpu za PVC zimpu nuruhu rwa PU: imwe ni ubworoherane nubukomere bwuruhu, uruhu nyarwo rworoshye cyane kandi PU irakomeye, PU rero ikoreshwa cyane mukweto zimpu; ikindi ni ugukoresha gutwika no gushonga Inzira yo gutandukanya ni ugufata agace gato hanyuma ukagashyira kumuriro. Umwenda w'uruhu ntuzashonga, ariko uruhu rwa PVC rwuruhu na PU rukora uruhu ruzashonga.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yimpu ya PVC nimpu ya PU irashobora gutandukana mugushiramo lisansi. Uburyo ni ugukoresha agace gato k'igitambara, ukagishyira muri lisansi igice cy'isaha, hanyuma ukagisohora. Niba ari uruhu rwa PVC rwimpu, bizakomera kandi byoroshye. Uruhu rwa syntetique ya PU ntiruzakomera cyangwa ngo rucike.
ingorane
Uruhu rusanzwe rukoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikenerwa bya buri munsi nibicuruzwa byinganda bitewe nubwiza nyaburanga. Nyamara, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’abatuye isi, abantu bakeneye uruhu rwikubye kabiri, kandi umubare muto w’uruhu karemano ntushobora kongera guhaza iki cyifuzo. Mu rwego rwo gukemura uku kwivuguruza, abahanga batangiye gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere uruhu rw’ubukorikori hamwe n’uruhu rwa sintetike mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo kugira ngo bakemure amakosa y’uruhu rusanzwe. Amateka yubushakashatsi bwimyaka irenga 50 ninzira yimpu yubukorikori hamwe nimpu yubukorikori igoye uruhu rusanzwe.
Abahanga batangiye kwiga no gusesengura imiterere yimiti nuburyo imiterere yuruhu rusanzwe, bahereye kuri varish ya nitrocellulose, hanyuma bimukira muri PVC uruhu rwubukorikori, nicyo gisekuru cya mbere cyuruhu rwakozwe. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, abahanga bagize byinshi banonosora nubushakashatsi, ubanza kunoza ibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma guhindura no kunoza ibishishwa. Mu myaka ya za 70, fibre synthique fibre idoda imyenda yateje imbere inzira nko gukubita inshinge no guhambira, ibyo bikaba byahaye ibikoresho shingiro imizi ya lotus imeze nkibice byambukiranya imipaka hamwe na fibre fibre, bigera kumiterere yuzuye ihuza imiterere ya mesh ya kamere uruhu. Ibisabwa: Igice cyo hejuru cyuruhu rwa sintetike muricyo gihe cyashoboraga kuba gifite polyurethane ifite imiterere myiza ya pore, yari ihwanye nubuso bwuruhu rwimpu karemano, kuburyo isura n'imiterere y'imbere y'uruhu rwa sintetike ya PU byagendaga byegerana buhoro buhoro y'uruhu rusanzwe, nibindi bintu bifatika byari hafi yuruhu rusanzwe. indangagaciro, kandi ibara ryaka kurusha uruhu rusanzwe; Kurwanya kwayo kwubushyuhe bwicyumba birashobora kugera inshuro zirenga miriyoni, kandi guhangana kwayo mubushyuhe buke birashobora no kugera kurwego rwuruhu rusanzwe.
Kugaragara kwa microfiber PU uruhu rwubukorikori nigisekuru cya gatatu cyuruhu rwubukorikori. Imyenda idoda hamwe nurusobekerane rwibice bitatu byuburyo butuma ibintu bisabwa kugirango uruhu rwubukorikori rushobore gufata uruhu rusanzwe mubikoresho fatizo. Iki gicuruzwa gihuza tekinoroji nshya yo gutunganya uburyo bwo gutunganya PU slurry hamwe nuburinganire bwubuso hamwe nuburinganire bwa pore kugirango ikoreshe ubuso bunini hamwe no gufata amazi akomeye ya fibre ultra-fine, bigatuma uruhu rwa ultra-nziza PU rukora uruhu rufite ibiranga bundled ultra-fine ya Collagen fibre uruhu rusanzwe rufite imiterere ya hygroscopique, kuburyo igereranywa nimpu karemano yo murwego rwohejuru ukurikije microstructure yimbere, imiterere yimiterere, imiterere yumubiri hamwe nabantu bambara neza. Byongeye kandi, uruhu rwa microfibre rukora uruhu rusumba uruhu rusanzwe mubijyanye no kurwanya imiti, ubuziranenge, guhuza n'umusaruro mwinshi no gutunganya, kutirinda amazi, no kurwanya indwara mbi.
Imyitozo yerekanye ko ibintu byiza byuruhu rwubukorikori bidashobora gusimburwa nimpu karemano. Duhereye ku isesengura ry’amasoko yo mu gihugu no hanze, uruhu rwubukorikori narwo rwasimbuye ahanini uruhu rusanzwe nubutunzi budahagije. Ikoreshwa ryuruhu rwimpu nimpu yubukorikori mugushushanya imifuka, imyenda, inkweto, ibinyabiziga nibikoresho byo mu nzu byamenyekanye cyane ku isoko. Ubwinshi bwibikorwa, ubwinshi nubwoko ntibishobora guhazwa nimpu gakondo.
PU ibihimbano byuruhu Kubungabunga uburyo bwo kweza:
1. Sukura n'amazi yo kwisiga, irinde gusiga lisansi.
2.Ntukume neza
3. Irashobora gukaraba n'amazi gusa, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gukaraba ntibushobora kurenga dogere 40.
4.Ntukagaragaze izuba
5. Ntukajye uhura na solge zimwe na zimwe
6. Ikoti ry'uruhu rwa PU rigomba kumanikwa mumifuka kandi ntirishobora kuzingirwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-11-2024