Inkweto zisanzwe zo kurangiza uruhu muri rusange ziri mubyiciro bikurikira.
1. Ikibazo
Mu gukora inkweto, ibishishwa bikunze gukoreshwa ni toluene na acetone. Iyo igipfundikizo gihuye nigishishwa, kibyimba igice kandi cyoroshe, hanyuma kigashonga kigwa. Ibi mubisanzwe bibera imbere ninyuma. Igisubizo:
. Ubu bwoko bwa resin bufite imbaraga zo guhangana na solvent.
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(4) Sasa umukozi uhuza ibikorwa byo gukiza no guhuza.
2. Guterana neza no kurwanya amazi
Guterana neza no kurwanya amazi nibintu byingenzi byerekana uruhu rwo hejuru. Iyo wambaye inkweto z'uruhu, akenshi uhura nibidukikije byamazi, kuburyo ukunze guhura nibibazo bitose hamwe nibibazo byo kurwanya amazi. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera kubura ubushuhe butose no kurwanya amazi ni:
(1) Igice cyo hejuru cyo hejuru cyumva amazi. Igisubizo nugushira mubikorwa hejuru cyangwa gutera spray yamashanyarazi. Mugihe ushyira hejuru hejuru, niba ikoreshwa rya casein, formaldehyde irashobora gukoreshwa mugukosora; kongeramo agace gato ka silikoni irimo ibibyimba byo hejuru hejuru birashobora kandi kongera imbaraga zamazi.
. Igisubizo nukwirinda gukoresha surfactants zikabije no guhitamo ibisigazwa birwanya amazi meza.
. Igisubizo nukwirinda gukoresha ibishashara birenze urugero hamwe na silikoni irimo ibice mugihe cyo gutwikira hagati no kugabanya ubushyuhe nigitutu cya plaque.
(4) Ibara ryibara ryamabara hamwe n amarangi birakoreshwa. Ibara ryatoranijwe rigomba kugira uburyo bwiza; muri formula yo hejuru yo hejuru, irinde gukoresha amarangi arenze.
3. Ibibazo byo guterana byumye no gukuramo
Iyo usize uruhu hejuru yumwenda wumye, ibara ryuruhu ruzahanagurwa, byerekana ko kurwanya uruhu rwumye rwuruhu atari byiza. Iyo ugenda, ipantaro ikunze kunyerera hejuru yinkweto, bigatuma firime yo gutwikira hejuru yinkweto ihanagurwa, kandi amabara yimbere ninyuma ntaho ahuriye. Hariho impamvu nyinshi zibitera:
(1) Igice cyo gutwikira kiroroshye cyane. Igisubizo nugukoresha igikoresho gikomeye kandi gikomeye mugihe cyo gutwikira kuva kumurongo wo hasi kugeza murwego rwo hejuru.
. Igisubizo nukwongera igipimo cya resin no gukoresha penetrant.
(3) Imyenge iri hejuru yuruhu irakinguye kandi ibura kwihanganira kwambara. Igisubizo nugushira mubikorwa kuvura byumye kugirango byongere imbaraga zo kwambara kwuruhu no gushimangira itunganywa ryamazi.
4. Ikibazo cyo kumena uruhu
Mu bice bifite ikirere cyumukonje nubukonje, akenshi kuvunika uruhu. Irashobora gutezimbere cyane muburyo bwo gusubiramo ikoranabuhanga (gusubiramo uruhu mbere yo kurambura iheruka). Hano hari ibikoresho byihariye byo gusubiramo.
Impamvu nyamukuru zitera uruhu ni:
(1) Igice cy'ingano cy'uruhu rwo hejuru kiroroshye cyane. Impamvu ni ukutabogama bidakwiye, bikaviramo kwinjira mu buryo butaringaniye bwa retanning agent no guhuza bikabije urwego rwingano. Igisubizo nugushushanya formulaire yumurima wamazi.
(2) Uruhu rwo hejuru rurekuye kandi rwo murwego rwo hasi. Igisubizo nukumisha kuzuza uruhu rudakabije hanyuma ukongeramo amavuta kumurongo wuzuye kugirango uruhu rwuzuye rutagoye cyane kugirango wirinde hejuru guturika mugihe cyo kwambara. Uruhu rwuzuye cyane ntirugomba gusigara igihe kirekire kandi ntirukwiye kuba umucanga mwinshi.
(3) Igifuniko fatizo kirakomeye. Igikoresho fatizo gisize cyatoranijwe nabi cyangwa umubare ntuhagije. Igisubizo nukwongera igipimo cya resin yoroshye muburyo bwo gutwikira.
5. Ikibazo
Iyo uruhu rwunamye cyangwa rurambuye cyane, ibara rimwe na rimwe riba ryoroshye, ubusanzwe ryitwa astigmatism. Mugihe gikabije, igipfundikizo gishobora guturika, ubusanzwe bita igikoma. Iki nikibazo gisanzwe.
Impamvu nyamukuru ni:
. Igisubizo nuguhindura formula kugirango kurambura igifuniko cyegereye icy'uruhu.
(2) Igifuniko fatizo kirakomeye cyane kandi hejuru hejuru birakomeye. Igisubizo nukwongera ubwinshi bwa resin yoroshye, kongera umubare wibikorwa bya firime, no kugabanya ingano ya resin ikomeye na paste paste.
. Kugirango ukemure ikibazo cyokunywa amazi yo kwisiga, inganda zimwe zitera amavuta menshi. Nyuma yo gukemura ikibazo cyo kurwanya ibishishwa bitose, ikibazo cyo guturika kiraterwa. Kubwibyo, hagomba kwitonderwa gutunganya inzira.
6. Ikibazo cyo kumeneka
Mugihe cyo gukoresha inkweto zo hejuru zinkweto, zigomba guhinduka cyane mubidukikije. Niba igifuniko kidakurikijwe neza, igifuniko kizahita gisuka. Mugihe gikomeye, gusiba bizabaho, bigomba kwitabwaho cyane. Impamvu nyamukuru ni:
(1) Muburyo bwo hasi, resin yatoranijwe ifite intege nke. Igisubizo nukwongera igipimo cya resin yifata muri formula yo hasi. Gufatanya kwa resin biterwa nimiterere yimiti nubunini bwibice bitatanye bya emulsion. Iyo imiterere yimiti ya resin igenwe, gufatirana gukomera iyo uduce duto twa emulion ari mwiza.
(2) Amafaranga yo gutwikira adahagije. Mugihe cyo gutwikira, niba igipimo cyo gutwikira kidahagije, resin ntishobora kwinjira muburuhu bwuruhu mugihe gito kandi ntishobora guhuza uruhu rwose, umuvuduko wikizingo uzagabanuka cyane. Muri iki gihe, ibikorwa bigomba guhinduka uko bikwiye kugirango habeho umubare uhagije wo gutwikira. Gukoresha igikarabiro cya brush aho gukoresha spray birashobora kongera igihe cyo kwinjira muri resin hamwe nu gace kegeranye nu muti wa coating kuruhu.
(3) Ingaruka yimiterere yimpu yambaye ubusa ku gufatira kwifata. Iyo amazi yakiriye uruhu rwambaye ubusa aba akennye cyane cyangwa hari amavuta numukungugu hejuru yuruhu, ibisigarira ntibishobora kwinjira mumpu nkuko bikenewe, kubifata rero ntibihagije. Muri iki gihe, uruhu rushobora kuvurwa neza kugirango rwongere amazi, nko gukora igikorwa cyo gusukura hejuru, cyangwa kongeramo urwego ruringaniza cyangwa rwinjira muri formula.
(4) Muri formula yo gutwikira, igipimo cya resin, inyongeramusaruro hamwe na pigment ntibikwiye. Igisubizo nuguhindura ubwoko nubunini bwa resin ninyongeramusaruro no kugabanya ubwinshi bwibishashara nuwuzuza.
7. Ibibazo byo kurwanya ubushyuhe nigitutu
Uruhu rwo hejuru rukoreshwa mu kubumba no guterwa inshinge byakozwe mu nkweto bigomba kuba ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko ukabije. Mubisanzwe, inganda zinkweto zikoresha ibyuma byubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango zishireho iminkanyari hejuru yuruhu, bigatuma amarangi amwe cyangwa ibifumbire mvaruganda mubitambaro bihinduka umukara cyangwa bigahinduka bikagwa.
Impamvu nyamukuru ni:
(1) Ubushyuhe bwa termoplastique bwamazi arangiza ni hejuru cyane. Igisubizo nuguhindura formula no kongera umubare wa casein.
(2) Kubura amavuta. Igisubizo nukwongeramo ibishashara bigoye gato hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo kumva kugirango bifashe kunoza amavuta yimpu.
(3) Irangi hamwe nifumbire mvaruganda byumva ubushyuhe. Igisubizo nuguhitamo ibikoresho bitumva neza ubushyuhe kandi ntibishire.
8. Ikibazo cyo kurwanya urumuri
Nyuma yo kugaragara mugihe runaka, hejuru yuruhu ihinduka umwijima n'umuhondo, bigatuma idakoreshwa. Impamvu ni:
. Kurwanya urumuri rwuruhu rwamabara yumucyo nikimenyetso cyingenzi, kandi hagomba gutoranywa amavuta na tannine bifite urumuri rwiza.
(2) Kwambika ibara. Umuti ni uko kuburuhu rwo hejuru rusabwa kurwanya urumuri rwinshi, ntukoreshe resin ya butadiene, resin ya aromatic polyurethane resin na nitrocellulose, ariko ukoreshe resin, pigment, amazi yo gusiga irangi hamwe na langi hamwe no kurwanya urumuri rwiza.
9. Ikibazo cyo kurwanya ubukonje (guhangana nikirere) ikibazo
Kurwanya ubukonje bukabije bigaragarira cyane cyane mu gucamo igifuniko iyo uruhu ruhuye n'ubushyuhe buke. Impamvu nyamukuru ni:
(1) Ku bushyuhe buke, igifuniko kibura ubworoherane. Ibisigarira bifite ubukana bwiza nka polyurethane na butadiene bigomba gukoreshwa, kandi umubare wibikoresho bikora firime bifite ubukonje buke nka acrylic resin na casein bigomba kugabanuka.
(2) Umubare wa resin muburyo bwo gutwikira ni muto cyane. Igisubizo nukwongera umubare wa resin.
(3) Kurwanya ubukonje bwa varish yo hejuru birakennye. Varnish idasanzwe cyangwa, -varnish irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ubukonje bwuruhu rwuruhu, mugihe nitrocellulose varike ifite ubukonje bukabije.
Biragoye cyane gukora ibipimo ngenderwaho byumubiri kumpu zo hejuru, kandi ntabwo ari ibintu byukuri gusaba inganda zinkweto kugura byuzuye ukurikije ibipimo bifatika na chimique byashyizweho na leta cyangwa ibigo. Inganda zinkweto muri rusange zigenzura uruhu ukurikije uburyo butari busanzwe, bityo umusaruro wuruhu rwo hejuru ntushobora kwigunga. Birakenewe gusobanukirwa neza nibisabwa byibanze byogukora inkweto no kwambara kugirango dukore igenzura rya siyanse mugihe cyo gutunganya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-11-2024