Iyo bigeze kubikoresho bigezweho, silicone ntagushidikanya ni ingingo ishyushye. Silicone ni ubwoko bwa polymer irimo silikoni, karubone, hydrogène na ogisijeni. Iratandukanye cyane nibikoresho bya silicon organique kandi irerekana imikorere myiza mubice byinshi. Reka turebe byimbitse ibiranga, uburyo bwo kuvumbura hamwe nicyerekezo cya silicone.
Itandukaniro hagati ya silicone na silikoni idasanzwe:
Ubwa mbere, hari itandukaniro rigaragara mumiterere yimiti hagati ya silicone na silicon organique. Silicone ni ibikoresho bya polymer bigizwe na silikoni na karubone, hydrogène, ogisijeni nibindi bintu, mugihe silicon organique itavuga cyane cyane ibinyabuzima kidafite umubiri byakozwe na silicon na ogisijeni, nka dioxyde de silicon (SiO2). Imiterere ishingiye kuri karubone ya silicone itanga ubuhanga na plastike, bigatuma ihinduka cyane mugukoresha. Bitewe nuburyo bwimiterere ya molekulike iranga silicone, ni ukuvuga imbaraga zingirakamaro zumubano wa Si-O (444J / mol) zisumba iz'ububiko bwa CC (339J / mol), ibikoresho bya silicone bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi kuruta ibinyabuzima rusange bya polymer.
Ivumburwa rya silicone:
Ivumburwa rya silicone rishobora guhera mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Mu minsi ya mbere, abahanga bahinduye neza silicone binjiza amatsinda kama mubice bya silicon. Ubu buvumbuzi bwafunguye ibihe bishya byibikoresho bya silicone kandi bushiraho urufatiro rwo gukoreshwa kwinshi mu nganda na siyansi. Guhindura no kunoza silicone byateye imbere cyane mumyaka mike ishize, biteza imbere guhanga udushya no guteza imbere ibi bikoresho.
Silicone isanzwe:
Silicone ni urwego rwibintu bya polymer biboneka cyane muri kamere hamwe na synthèse artificiel, harimo nuburyo butandukanye. Ibikurikira ni zimwe mu ngero za silicone zisanzwe:
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS): PDMS ni elastomer isanzwe ya silicone, ikunze kuboneka muri reberi ya silicone. Ifite imiterere ihindagurika nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugutegura ibicuruzwa bya reberi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, amavuta, nibindi.
Amavuta ya Silicone: Amavuta ya silicone ni umurongo wa silicone ugizwe nubushyuhe buke hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwo hejuru. Bikunze gukoreshwa mumavuta, ibikoresho byita kuruhu, ibikoresho byubuvuzi nizindi nzego.
Silicone Resin: Silicone resin ni ibikoresho bya polymer bigizwe nitsinda rya acide silicic ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwamashanyarazi. Ikoreshwa cyane mubitambaro, ibifatika, gupakira ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibindi.
Silicone Rubber: Rubber ya silicone ni reberi imeze nka silicone ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, irwanya ikirere, izirinda amashanyarazi nibindi bintu. Ikoreshwa cyane mugufunga impeta, amaboko yo gukingira insinga nizindi nzego.
Izi ngero zerekana ubudasa bwa silicone. Bafite uruhare runini mubice bitandukanye kandi bafite ibintu byinshi biva mubikorwa kuva mubuzima kugeza mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Ibi birerekana kandi ibintu bitandukanye biranga silicone nkibikoresho byo hejuru.
Ibyiza byo gukora
Ugereranije n’ibisanzwe bisanzwe bya karubone, organosiloxane (Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) ifite ibyiza byihariye byo gukora, bigatuma yerekana imikorere myiza mubikorwa byinshi. Ibikurikira nibyiza bimwe mubikorwa bya organosiloxane kurenza ibisanzwe bya karubone:
Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi: Organosiloxane ifite imbaraga zo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Imiterere ya silicon-ogisijeni ituma organosiloxane ihagarara neza mubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ntibyoroshye kubora, itanga inyungu zo kuyikoresha mubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ibinyuranye, ibintu byinshi bisanzwe bya karubone bishobora kubora cyangwa gutakaza imikorere kubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ubushyuhe buke bwo hejuru: Organosiloxane yerekana ubushyuhe buke bwo hejuru, bigatuma igira amazi meza kandi meza. Uyu mutungo ukora amavuta ya silicone (uburyo bwa organosiloxane) akoreshwa cyane mumavuta, ibikoresho byita kuruhu nibikoresho byubuvuzi.
Ihinduka kandi ryoroshye: Imiterere ya molekuline ya organosiloxane itanga ihinduka ryiza kandi ryoroshye, bigatuma ihitamo neza mugutegura ibikoresho bya reberi nibikoresho byoroshye. Ibi bituma silicone reberi ikora neza mugutegura impeta zifunga, ibice bya elastique, nibindi.
Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi: Organosiloxane yerekana ibintu byiza cyane byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane murwego rwa elegitoroniki. Silicone resin (uburyo bwa siloxane) ikoreshwa mubikoresho byo gupakira ibikoresho bya elegitoronike kugirango bitange amashanyarazi kandi birinde ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Biocompatibilité: Organosiloxane ifite aho ihurira cyane nuduce twibinyabuzima bityo ikaba ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byubuvuzi hamwe nubuzima bwa biomedical. Kurugero, reberi ya silicone ikoreshwa mugutegura silicone yubuvuzi kubihimbano, catheters yubuvuzi, nibindi.
Imiti ihamye: Organosiloxane yerekana imiti ihamye kandi irwanya ruswa imiti myinshi. Ibi bituma ikoreshwa ryayo mu nganda zikora imiti yaguka, nko gutegura ibigega bya shimi, imiyoboro nibikoresho bifunga.
Muri rusange, organosiloxane ifite ibintu byinshi bitandukanye kuruta ibisanzwe bisanzwe bya karubone, bibafasha kugira uruhare runini mubice byinshi nko gusiga amavuta, gufunga, ubuvuzi na elegitoroniki.
Uburyo bwo gutegura monomers ya organosilicon
Uburyo butaziguye: Guteranya ibikoresho bya organosilicon mukoresheje reaction ya silicon hamwe nibintu kama.
Uburyo butaziguye: Tegura organosilicon ukoresheje gucamo, polymerisiyasi nibindi bitekerezo bya silicon.
Uburyo bwa Hydrolysis polymerisation: Tegura organosilicon ukoresheje hydrolysis polymerisation ya silanol cyangwa inzoga ya silane.
Uburyo bwa gradient copolymerisation: Guteranya ibikoresho bya organosilicon hamwe nibintu byihariye na gradient copolymerisation. 、
Isoko rya Organosilicon
Kwiyongera gukenewe mu buhanga buhanitse: Hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda z’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, icyifuzo cya organosilicon gifite ibintu byiza cyane nko kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kurwanya ruswa no gukumira amashanyarazi biriyongera.
Kwagura ibikoresho byubuvuzi Kwagura isoko: Gukoresha silicone mugukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi bikomeje kwaguka, kandi bihujwe na biocompatibilité, bizana uburyo bushya mubikoresho byubuvuzi.
Iterambere rirambye: Kunoza imyumvire yibidukikije biteza imbere ubushakashatsi bwuburyo bwo gutegura icyatsi kibisi cya silicone, nka silicone ibora, kugirango bigere ku majyambere arambye.
Ubushakashatsi bwibikorwa bishya bikoreshwa: Imirima mishya yo gusaba ikomeje kugaragara, nka elegitoroniki yoroheje, ibikoresho bya optoelectronic, nibindi, kugirango biteze imbere guhanga no kwagura isoko rya silicone.
Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza n'ibibazo
Ubushakashatsi niterambere rya silicone ikora:Mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibikenerwa n’inganda zitandukanye, silicone izita cyane ku iterambere ryimikorere mugihe kizaza, nka silicone ikora, harimo imitungo yihariye nka antibacterial na conductive.
Ubushakashatsi kuri silicone ibora:Hamwe nogutezimbere imyumvire yibidukikije, ubushakashatsi kubikoresho bya silicone biodegradable bizaba icyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere.
Gukoresha nano silicone: Ukoresheje nanotehnologiya, ubushakashatsi kubyerekeye gutegura no gukoresha nano silicone kugirango yongere ikoreshwa mubikorwa byubuhanga buhanitse.
Icyatsi kibisi: Kuburyo bwo gutegura silicone, hazitabwaho cyane inzira zicyatsi n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije mugihe kizaza kugirango bigabanye ingaruka kubidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-15-2024