PU ni impfunyapfunyo yicyongereza poly urethane, izina ryimiti yubushinwa "polyurethane". Uruhu rwa PU ni uruhu rwibigize polyurethane. Byakoreshejwe cyane mumizigo, imyambaro, inkweto, ibinyabiziga no gushushanya ibikoresho.
Uruhu rwa Pu ni ubwoko bwuruhu rwubukorikori, ibiyigize ahanini birimo ibintu bikurikira:
1. Substrate: Mubisanzwe ukoreshe fibre fibre, fibre fibre nibindi bikoresho nkibikoresho byibanze kugirango uzamure imbaraga nigihe kirekire cyuruhu rwa Pu.
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3. Ibyongeweho: harimo plasitike, imvange, imashanyarazi, imashini ya ultraviolet, nibindi, ibyo byongeweho birashobora kongera imbaraga, kuramba, kurwanya amazi, kurwanya umwanda hamwe na UV birwanya uruhu rwa Pu.
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Ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru nibice byingenzi bigize uruhu rwa Pu, ugereranije nimpu karemano, uruhu rwa Pu rushobora kuba rworoshye, rutarinda amazi kandi ruhendutse cyane, ariko imiterere, ubwikorezi nibindi bintu birarenze gato uruhu rusanzwe.
Mu Bushinwa, abantu bamenyereye gukoresha PU resin nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango babone uruhu rwubukorikori rwitwa uruhu rwa PU (bita uruhu rwa PU); Uruhu rwubukorikori rwakozwe hamwe na PU resin hamwe nigitambara kidoda nkibikoresho fatizo byitwa PU synthique uruhu (byitwa uruhu rwubukorikori). Biramenyerewe kuvuga ubwoko butatu bwuruhu hejuru nkuruhu rwubukorikori. Wabyita ute? Igomba guhuzwa kandi igashyirwaho kugirango itange izina ryiza.
Uruhu rwubukorikori nimpu yubukorikori nigice cyingenzi cyinganda za plastiki kandi zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye byubukungu bwigihugu. Uruhu rw’ubukorikori, umusaruro w’uruhu rukora ku isi ufite imyaka isaga 60 y’amateka y’iterambere, Ubushinwa bwatangiye gutera imbere no gukora uruhu rw’ubukorikori kuva 1958, niryo terambere ryambere mu nganda z’inganda za plastiki mu Bushinwa. Mu myaka yashize, iterambere ry’inganda z’ubukorikori n’uruhu rw’ubushinwa ntabwo ari izamuka ry’imirongo itanga ibikoresho by’inganda zikora ibicuruzwa, umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa byiyongera uko umwaka utashye, ubwoko n’amabara byiyongera uko umwaka utashye, ariko kandi iterambere ry’inganda rifite umuryango waryo w’inganda, hari ubumwe bwinshi, bushobora gushyira mu Bushinwa impu z’ubukorikori n’inganda z’uruhu, harimo n’inganda zijyanye nazo. Yateye imbere mu nganda n'imbaraga zitari nke.
Ukurikije uruhu rwa PVC, uruhu rwa PU rwakozwe nyuma yimyaka irenga 30 yubushakashatsi niterambere ryakozwe ninzobere mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, nk'igisimbura cyiza cy’uruhu karemano, rumaze gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga.
PU yatwikiriye hejuru yigitambara yagaragaye bwa mbere ku isoko mu myaka ya za 1950, naho mu 1964, isosiyete yo muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika DuPont ikora uruhu rwa PU rukora uruhu rwo hejuru. Nyuma yuko uruganda rwabayapani rumaze gushyiraho imirongo yumusaruro hamwe numwaka wa metero kare 600.000, nyuma yimyaka irenga 20 yubushakashatsi niterambere bikomeje, uruhu rwa syntetique ya PU rwakomeje kwiyongera muburyo bwiza bwibicuruzwa, bitandukanye, cyangwa ibisohoka. Imikorere yacyo iragenda yegereza uruhu rusanzwe, kandi imitungo imwe irenze uruhu rusanzwe, igera kurwego rwukuri nibinyoma hamwe nimpu karemano, ifata umwanya wingenzi mubuzima bwa buri munsi bwabantu.
Muri iki gihe, Ubuyapani n’igihugu kinini mu gukora uruhu rw’ubukorikori, kandi ibicuruzwa by’amasosiyete menshi nka Coroli, Teijin, Toray, na Bell Textile byerekana urwego rw’iterambere mpuzamahanga mu myaka ya za 90. Gukora fibre hamwe no kudoda imyenda iratera imbere yerekeza kuri ultra-nziza, ubucucike bwinshi ningaruka zidasanzwe. Ibikorwa bya PU byerekeza ku cyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza PU, emulioni y’amazi ya PU, umurima usaba ibicuruzwa ukomeje kwaguka, guhera mu ntangiriro yinkweto, imifuka kugeza imyenda, umupira, imitako nizindi nzego zidasanzwe zikoreshwa, mubice byose byubuzima bwa buri munsi bwabantu.
Uruhu
Uruhu rwubukorikori nubuvumbuzi bwa mbere bwo gusimbuza umwenda wimpu, bikozwe muri PVC wongeyeho plastike hamwe nibindi byongeweho kuzunguruka hamwe kumyenda, inyungu irahendutse, ibara ryiza, imiterere itandukanye, ibibi byoroshye gukomera, kuvunika. Uruhu rwa PU rukoreshwa mu gusimbuza uruhu rwa PVC, igiciro cyarwo kirenze uruhu rwa PVC. Uhereye ku miterere yimiti, yegereye umwenda wuruhu, ntabwo ikoresha plasitike kugirango igere kubintu byoroshye, ntabwo rero izaba ikomeye, ivunika, kandi ifite ibyiza byamabara akungahaye, imiterere itandukanye, kandi igiciro gihendutse kuruta igitambaro cyuruhu, bityo cyakirwa nabaguzi.
Hariho ubundi bwoko bwuruhu rwa PU, mubisanzwe uruhande rutandukanye ni urwego rwa kabiri rwuruhu, rushyizwe hamwe nigice cya PU resin hejuru, bityo nanone bita uruhu rwa firime. Igiciro cyacyo gihendutse kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha kiri hejuru. Hamwe nimihindagurikire yimikorere nayo ikorwa mubyiciro bitandukanye byubwoko butandukanye, nko gutumiza mu byiciro bibiri byuruhu, kubera inzira idasanzwe, ubuziranenge buhamye, ubwoko bushya bwibintu nibindi biranga, kuburuhu rwo murwego rwohejuru, igiciro nicyiciro ntabwo kiri munsi yicyiciro cya mbere cyuruhu. Uruhu rwa PU nudukapu twukuri twuruhu bifite umwihariko wabyo, imifuka yimpu ya PU isa neza, yoroshye kuyitaho, igiciro gito, ariko ntabwo irwanya kwambara, byoroshye kumeneka; Uruhu nyarwo ruhenze kandi rutoroshye kubyitaho, ariko biramba.
Uruhu rwuruhu na PVC uruhu rwubukorikori, pu synthique uruhu hamwe nuburyo bubiri bwo gutandukanya: icya mbere, urugero rwubworoherane bwuruhu, uruhu rworoshye cyane, pu irakomeye, kuburyo pu nyinshi zikoreshwa mukweto zimpu; Iya kabiri ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo gutwika no gushonga kugirango utandukanye, uburyo nugufata umwenda muto kumuriro, umwenda wuruhu ntuzashonga, kandi uruhu rwa PVC rwimpu, uruhu rwa PU rukora.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yuruhu rwubukorikori rwa PVC nuruhu rwubukorikori rwa PU rushobora gutandukanywa nuburyo bwo gushiramo lisansi, uburyo ni ugukoresha agace gato, ukagishyira muri lisansi mugihe cyigice cyisaha, hanyuma ukagikuramo, niba ari uruhu rwa PVC rukora uruhu, ruzakomera kandi ruvunaguritse, niba ari uruhu rwa PU rukora, ntiruzakomera kandi ruvunika.
Uruhu rusanzwe kubera imiterere yarwo rwiza rukoreshwa cyane mugukora ibikenerwa bya buri munsi n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka mu nganda, ariko hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’abatuye isi, abantu bakeneye uruhu rwikubye kabiri, umubare muto w’uruhu karemano ntushobora kubona ibyo abantu bakeneye. Mu rwego rwo gukemura uku kwivuguruza, abahanga batangiye gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere uruhu rw’ubukorikori hamwe n’uruhu rw’ubukorikori mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo kugira ngo basubize kubura uruhu rusanzwe. Inzira yamateka yimyaka irenga 50 yubushakashatsi ninzira yimpu yubukorikori hamwe nimpu yubukorikori igoye uruhu rusanzwe.
Abahanga batangiye kwiga no gusesengura imiterere yimiterere nuburyo imitunganyirize yimpu karemano, bahereye kuri nitrocellulose linoleum, bakinjira muri PVC uruhu rwubukorikori, arirwo rwaruka rwa mbere rwimpu. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, abahanga bagize byinshi banonosora nubushakashatsi, mbere ya byose, kunoza substrate, hanyuma guhindura no kunoza ibishishwa. Kugeza mu myaka ya za 70, umwenda udoda ubudodo bwa fibre sintetike wagaragaye ukenera inshundura, ugahuza meshi nibindi bikorwa, kuburyo ibikoresho shingiro bifite igice gisa na lotus, fibre fibre, kugirango ugere kumiterere, kandi wujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa muburyo bwuruhu rusanzwe; Muri kiriya gihe, urwego rwo hejuru rwuruhu rwubukorikori rwashoboye kugera kuri micro-porous polyurethane, ihwanye nubuso bwuruhu rwuruhu rusanzwe, kuburyo isura nuburyo bwimbere bwuruhu rwa syntetique ya PU bigenda byegera buhoro buhoro uruhu rusanzwe, ibindi bintu bifatika byegeranye nurutonde rwimpu karemano, kandi ibara ryaka cyane kuruta uruhu rusanzwe; Kurwanya gukingirwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba bigera inshuro zirenga miriyoni, kandi kwihanganira kugabanuka kubushyuhe buke nabyo bishobora kugera kurwego rwuruhu rusanzwe.
Kugaragara kwa microfiber PU uruhu rwubukorikori nigisekuru cya gatatu cyuruhu rwubukorikori. Imyenda idoda yububiko bwurwego rwibice bitatu byubaka itanga uburyo bwuruhu rwubukorikori kugirango ifate uruhu rusanzwe mubijyanye na substrate. Iki gicuruzwa, gifatanije no gushya kwa PU gushya kwinjizwamo hamwe nuburyo bwimikorere ya selile ifunguye hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutunganya ibice byubutaka, bikoresha ubuso bunini hamwe n’amazi akomeye ya microfibre, bigatuma uruhu rwa ultra-nziza ya PU rukora uruhu rufite imiterere yihariye yo kwinjiza uruhu rusanzwe rwuruhu rwimiterere ya ultra-nziza ya kolagen, kuburyo bititaye kumiterere yimbere ya mikorobe, uruhu rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Byongeye kandi, uruhu rwa microfiber rukora uruhu rurenze uruhu rusanzwe mukurwanya imiti, uburinganire bwiza, umusaruro munini no gutunganya ibintu, guhuza amazi, kurwanya indwara ya mildew nibindi bintu
Imyitozo yerekanye ko ibintu byiza byuruhu rwubukorikori bidashobora gusimburwa nimpu karemano, uhereye kubisesengura ryisoko ryimbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, uruhu rwubukorikori narwo rwasimbuye umubare munini wimpu karemano nubutunzi budahagije. Gukoresha uruhu rwubukorikori nimpu yubukorikori kugirango bikore imifuka, imyambaro, inkweto, ibinyabiziga no gushushanya ibikoresho byo mu nzu, byamenyekanye cyane ku isoko, uburyo bwinshi bwabyo, umubare munini, ubwoko bwinshi, ni uruhu gakondo rushobora kudahura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-29-2024
